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Tuesday, April 29, 2025

Reviving the Bengal Tiger: A Strategic Blueprint for Bangladesh's Economic Recovery and Sustainable Growth

Recovering and strengthening the economy of Bangladesh requires a comprehensive, long-term strategy that addresses both structural weaknesses and immediate crises. Here's a detailed plan under unique headings to tackle each major obstacle discussed earlier:

1. Diversifying the Economic Base Beyond RMG

Solution Strategies:

Invest in High-Potential Sectors: Accelerate the growth of IT, pharmaceuticals, light engineering, and agro-processing through government incentives, public-private partnerships, and export subsidies.
Build Value Chains: Move from basic RMG to high-value fashion design and textile innovation. Support startups and SMEs to diversify production.
Improve Trade Agreements: Seek new bilateral and multilateral trade agreements beyond traditional markets (EU, US) to reduce export concentration.

2. Ensuring Political Stability and Good Governance

Solution Strategies:

Strengthen Democratic Institutions: Support independent judiciary, transparent electoral systems, and media freedom to ensure policy continuity.
Combat Corruption: Empower anti-corruption commissions, digitize public services to minimize bureaucracy and bribery.
Inclusive Dialogue: Create national platforms for dialogue among political parties, civil society, and businesses to ensure stability.

3. Curbing Inflation and Strengthening Fiscal Management

Solution Strategies:

Monetary Policy Reforms: Strengthen the central bank’s autonomy to control inflation, manage exchange rates, and regulate liquidity.
Tax System Overhaul: Broaden the tax base by integrating the informal economy, modernizing tax collection, and reducing dependency on VAT.
Public Expenditure Rationalization: Audit and prioritize government spending; cut wasteful subsidies and redirect funds to social protection.

4. Revamping the Energy Sector

Solution Strategies:

Renewable Energy Investments: Expand solar, wind, and hydroelectric projects with foreign partnerships and green bonds.
Energy Efficiency Programs: Promote energy audits in industries and incentivize the use of efficient appliances.
Strategic Energy Reserves: Build oil and gas reserves and sign long-term LNG contracts to avoid sudden price shocks.

5. Building Climate Resilience

Solution Strategies:

Coastal Infrastructure Development: Construct embankments, tidal barriers, and cyclone shelters in vulnerable areas.
Climate-Smart Agriculture: Promote drought-resistant crops, drip irrigation, and training for farmers on climate adaptation.
Green Financing: Leverage international climate funds and carbon credits to finance sustainable development projects.

6. Tackling Youth Unemployment and Skill Gaps

Solution Strategies:

Vocational and Technical Training: Expand TVET programs aligned with market demands, especially in ICT, healthcare, and construction.
Public-Private Apprenticeships: Encourage private firms to offer internships and apprenticeships through tax breaks or subsidies.
Startup Ecosystem Support: Provide seed funding, incubation, and regulatory support to youth-led businesses and social enterprises.

7. Reforming the Financial Sector

Solution Strategies:

Strengthen Banking Regulation: Enforce stricter lending standards, reduce non-performing loans, and recapitalize weak banks.
Financial Inclusion Programs: Use mobile banking and fintech to bring unbanked populations into the formal financial system.
Encourage Capital Markets: Develop stock and bond markets to reduce dependence on banks and attract long-term investments.

8. Upgrading Infrastructure and Urban Planning

Solution Strategies:

Mass Transit Systems: Accelerate metro rail and BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) development to ease congestion in Dhaka and other cities.
Smart Urban Planning: Develop secondary cities, ensure zoning laws are enforced, and relocate industries from dense residential areas.
Public-Private Infrastructure Funds: Attract FDI and multilateral loans for sustainable infrastructure projects.

9. Export Diversification and Market Expansion

Solution Strategies:

Incentivize New Exporters: Offer tax holidays or export bonuses for companies entering non-RMG exports or new international markets.
Branding and Quality Certification: Assist exporters with quality control, international certifications (ISO, HACCP), and global marketing.
E-commerce Facilitation: Promote online platforms for SMEs to access foreign buyers directly via B2B or B2C marketplaces.

10. Revamping the Remittance Ecosystem

Solution Strategies:

Skill Development for Migrants: Train potential migrants in higher-skilled jobs to access better-paying markets.
Combat Hundi System: Lower the cost of formal remittance transfers and incentivize migrants through loyalty programs or matching savings schemes.
Diaspora Bonds: Offer secure investment opportunities to the Bangladeshi diaspora to finance national development.

11. Empowering Women Economically

Solution Strategies:

Expand Credit Access: Support women entrepreneurs through microcredit, grants, and training.
Legal Reforms: Ensure women's rights to inheritance, land ownership, and workplace safety.
Childcare and Flexibility: Create childcare facilities and flexible work environments to increase women’s labor force participation.

12. Strengthening Digital and Technological Infrastructure

Solution Strategies:

Improve Internet Access: Expand broadband in rural areas and reduce digital service costs.
Digital Governance: Shift government services online to reduce corruption and boost efficiency.
Cybersecurity Investment: Build national frameworks to protect businesses and public infrastructure from cyber threats.

13. Reviving Investor Confidence

Solution Strategies:

Stable Policy Framework: Maintain consistent, long-term industrial and tax policies.
One-Stop Investor Services: Simplify business registration, customs clearance, and utility connections through digital portals.
Land Reforms: Establish industrial zones with ready access to utilities and land acquisition mechanisms.

14. Strengthening Regional Cooperation

Solution Strategies:

South Asia Trade Corridors: Collaborate with India, Nepal, and Bhutan to develop cross-border energy and transportation links.
Blue Economy Initiatives: Exploit maritime resources and port logistics with strategic partners like Japan or China.
Rohingya Crisis Diplomacy: Work with ASEAN, OIC, and the UN for refugee repatriation and support to reduce economic strain.

Conclusion: A Roadmap for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth

Recovering Bangladesh’s economy is not just about reversing crises—it’s about rebuilding better, with resilience and equity at the center. The country must:

Reform governance to build trust and attract investment.
Empower youth and women to tap into the full demographic dividend.
Build green, smart infrastructure to adapt to climate threats and urban challenges.
Diversify both products and markets to build a sustainable export economy.

With coordinated leadership, international cooperation, and a clear national vision, Bangladesh can not only recover but also leap forward as a resilient middle-income country in the next decade.

Angladesh's Economic Crossroads: Navigating Challenges and Charting a Path Forward

As of April 2025, Bangladesh stands at a pivotal juncture in its economic journey. The nation, once lauded for its rapid growth and poverty reduction, now grapples with a confluence of challenges that threaten to derail its progress. Political upheaval, persistent inflation, a fragile banking sector, and external shocks have converged to create a complex economic landscape. Yet, amidst these trials, opportunities for reform and resilience emerge, offering a chance to recalibrate and forge a sustainable path forward.

1. Political Transition and Economic Stability

The resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in August 2024, following mass protests, marked a significant political shift. The interim government, led by Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus, was tasked with stabilizing the nation and steering it toward democratic elections. While this transition aimed to restore public confidence, it also introduced a layer of uncertainty that has affected economic activities.

The interim government's primary focus has been on restoring governance and addressing systemic issues. However, the lack of a clear economic roadmap and the anticipation of upcoming elections have led to cautious behavior among investors and consumers alike. This hesitancy has manifested in reduced investment inflows and a slowdown in economic momentum.

2. Inflation: The Pressing Economic Concern

Inflation has emerged as the most pressing economic concern for Bangladesh in 2025. According to the World Economic Forum, inflation tops the list of risks facing the country this year. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) has seen a significant uptick, with food prices experiencing the most substantial increases.

Several factors contribute to this inflationary trend:

Currency Depreciation: The Bangladeshi Taka has weakened against major currencies, making imports more expensive and fueling domestic price increases.
Supply Chain Disruptions: Global supply chain issues, exacerbated by geopolitical tensions and the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, have led to shortages and increased costs of essential goods.
Energy Prices: Rising global energy prices have translated into higher transportation and production costs domestically.

The government's response has included monetary tightening measures, such as increasing interest rates. However, these steps have yet to yield significant results, and inflation remains a critical issue affecting the purchasing power of citizens.

3. Banking Sector Vulnerabilities

The banking sector in Bangladesh is facing significant challenges, characterized by a high volume of non-performing loans (NPLs) and governance issues. The central bank has initiated reforms, including the dissolution and reconstitution of boards in several private banks, to address these concerns.

Despite these efforts, the sector continues to grapple with:

Liquidity Crises: Several banks are experiencing liquidity shortages, prompting the central bank to provide emergency funding.
Credit Growth Stagnation: Private sector credit growth has slowed, impacting business expansion and economic growth.
Public Confidence: Persistent issues within the banking sector have eroded public trust, leading to increased cash holdings and reduced bank deposits.

Addressing these vulnerabilities is crucial for restoring financial stability and fostering economic growth.

4. Trade Dynamics and External Pressures

Bangladesh's trade sector is under pressure from both regional and global developments. The revocation of a transshipment facility by India, which previously allowed Bangladeshi exports to transit through Indian territory, has disrupted trade routes and increased logistical costs.

Additionally, global trade tensions and protectionist policies in key markets have impacted export volumes, particularly in the ready-made garments (RMG) sector, which is a cornerstone of Bangladesh's economy. Tariff hikes and stringent compliance requirements have made it more challenging for Bangladeshi exporters to maintain their competitive edge.

To mitigate these challenges, Bangladesh is exploring new markets and trade agreements, while also investing in infrastructure to enhance export capabilities.

5. Investment Climate and Industrial Growth

The investment climate in Bangladesh has been subdued, with foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows remaining modest compared to regional peers. Factors contributing to this include:

Regulatory Hurdles: Complex regulatory frameworks and bureaucratic inefficiencies deter potential investors.
Infrastructure Deficits: Inadequate infrastructure, including power supply and transportation networks, hampers industrial growth.
Political Uncertainty: The ongoing political transition has led to a wait-and-see approach among investors.

Despite these challenges, initiatives like the National Special Economic Zone aim to attract investment by offering incentives and streamlined processes. The success of such initiatives will be pivotal in revitalizing industrial growth and employment.

6. Social Challenges: Employment and Inequality

Bangladesh faces significant social challenges, particularly in employment and income inequality. While the overall unemployment rate has seen some improvement, youth unemployment remains high, especially among educated urban populations.

Income inequality has also widened, with the Gini coefficient indicating a growing disparity between different socioeconomic groups. This inequality is more pronounced in urban areas, where the cost of living has surged due to inflation.

Addressing these issues requires targeted policies focusing on skill development, job creation, and social safety nets to support vulnerable populations.

7. Environmental Concerns and Climate Vulnerability

Environmental issues pose a long-term threat to Bangladesh's economic stability. The country is highly susceptible to climate change impacts, including rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and pollution.

The textile industry, a significant contributor to the economy, is under scrutiny for its environmental footprint. Efforts are underway to enhance sustainability through waste recycling and cleaner production methods. However, more comprehensive strategies are needed to balance economic growth with environmental preservation.

8. Path Forward: Policy Recommendations

To navigate the current economic challenges, Bangladesh should consider the following policy measures:

Monetary and Fiscal Coordination: Ensure cohesive policies to control inflation without stifling growth.
Banking Sector Reforms: Implement stringent oversight and governance reforms to restore confidence in the financial system.
Trade Diversification: Explore new markets and strengthen regional trade partnerships to reduce dependency on traditional markets.
Investment Promotion: Simplify regulatory processes and improve infrastructure to attract both domestic and foreign investment.
Social Protection Programs: Expand social safety nets and employment programs to support vulnerable populations.
Environmental Sustainability: Integrate environmental considerations into economic planning to ensure long-term resilience.

Conclusion

Bangladesh's economy in 2025 stands at a crossroads, facing a complex interplay of political, economic, and environmental challenges. Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach, combining immediate policy interventions with long-term strategic planning. With decisive action and inclusive governance, Bangladesh can navigate these turbulent times and lay the foundation for sustainable and equitable growth.

Bangladesh's Economic Crossroads: Navigating Inflation, Political Transition, and Global Pressures in 2025

As Bangladesh steps into 2025, the nation's economy finds itself at a pivotal juncture, grappling with a confluence of internal challenges and external pressures. The political upheaval of 2024, marked by the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and the establishment of an interim government led by Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus, has ushered in a period of uncertainty. This political transition, coupled with persistent inflation, a fragile banking sector, and global economic headwinds, has significantly impacted the country's economic landscape.AP News+2Wikipedia+2Wikipedia+2

1. Political Transition and Economic Implications

The political landscape of Bangladesh underwent a seismic shift in August 2024 when mass protests led to the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. In response, an interim government was formed under the leadership of Muhammad Yunus, tasked with stabilizing the nation and steering it toward democratic elections. While this transition aimed to restore public confidence, it also introduced a layer of uncertainty that has affected economic activities.

2. Inflation: The Pressing Economic Concern

Several factors contribute to this inflationary trend:

Currency Depreciation: The Bangladeshi Taka has weakened against major currencies, making imports more expensive and fueling domestic price increases.
Supply Chain Disruptions: Global supply chain issues, exacerbated by geopolitical tensions and the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, have led to shortages and increased costs of essential goods.
Energy Prices: Rising global energy prices have translated into higher transportation and production costs domestically.

3. Banking Sector Vulnerabilities

Despite these efforts, the sector continues to grapple with:

Liquidity Crises: Several banks are experiencing liquidity shortages, prompting the central bank to provide emergency funding.
Credit Growth Stagnation: Private sector credit growth has slowed, impacting business expansion and economic growth.The Financial Express
Public Confidence: Persistent issues within the banking sector have eroded public trust, leading to increased cash holdings and reduced bank deposits.

Addressing these vulnerabilities is crucial for restoring financial stability and fostering economic growth.

4. Trade Dynamics and External Pressures

To mitigate these challenges, Bangladesh is exploring new markets and trade agreements, while also investing in infrastructure to enhance export capabilities.

5. Investment Climate and Industrial Growth

The investment climate in Bangladesh has been subdued, with foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows remaining modest compared to regional peers. Factors contributing to this include:

Regulatory Hurdles: Complex regulatory frameworks and bureaucratic inefficiencies deter potential investors.
Infrastructure Deficits: Inadequate infrastructure, including power supply and transportation networks, hampers industrial growth.
Political Uncertainty: The ongoing political transition has led to a wait-and-see approach among investors.

6. Social Challenges: Employment and Inequality

Addressing these issues requires targeted policies focusing on skill development, job creation, and social safety nets to support vulnerable populations.

7. Environmental Concerns and Climate Vulnerability

8. Path Forward: Policy Recommendations

To navigate the current economic challenges, Bangladesh should consider the following policy measures:

Monetary and Fiscal Coordination: Ensure cohesive policies to control inflation without stifling growth.
Banking Sector Reforms: Implement stringent oversight and governance reforms to restore confidence in the financial system.
Trade Diversification: Explore new markets and strengthen regional trade partnerships to reduce dependency on traditional markets.
Investment Promotion: Simplify regulatory processes and improve infrastructure to attract both domestic and foreign investment.
Social Protection Programs: Expand social safety nets and employment programs to support vulnerable populations.
Environmental Sustainability: Integrate environmental considerations into economic planning to ensure long-term resilience.

Conclusion

From Crisis to Cautious Recovery: Bangladesh's Economic Evolution Post-August 2024

Introduction

Between August 2024 and August 2025, Bangladesh underwent a transformative period marked by political upheaval, economic challenges, and significant reforms. The resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on August 5, 2024, amid widespread protests, led to the establishment of an interim government under Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus. This period witnessed a series of events that reshaped the nation's economic landscape.

Pre-August 2024: Economic Challenges Under Hasina's Tenure

Prior to the political shift, Bangladesh's economy faced mounting pressures:

Youth Unemployment: Reaching a three-decade high of 16%, youth unemployment became a significant concern, fueling public discontent and protests. WSJ
Inflation: Food inflation soared to 14%, with general inflation at 11%, exacerbated by global economic disruptions and domestic policy challenges. Wikipedia
Foreign Exchange Reserves: Reserves dwindled to $20.18 billion by December 2024, prompting concerns over the country's ability to meet import bills and debt obligations. Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD)
Political Unrest: Protests against job quotas escalated into nationwide demonstrations, leading to a crackdown that resulted in nearly 150 deaths and further destabilized the economy. Reuters+1The Guardian+1

August 2024: Political Transition and Immediate Economic Impacts

The resignation of Sheikh Hasina and the subsequent formation of an interim government led by Muhammad Yunus marked a turning point:

Interim Government Formation: On August 8, 2024, Yunus was sworn in as Chief Adviser, pledging to restore democracy and implement economic reforms. Wikipedia+2Wikipedia+2Wikipedia+2
Economic Policy Shifts: The new administration prioritized transparency, anti-corruption measures, and restructuring of financial institutions to stabilize the economy.
Flood Disaster: In August 2024, severe floods affected over 5.8 million people, causing damages estimated at Tk144 billion ($1.2 billion), further straining the economy. Wikipedia

Post-August 2024: Economic Reforms and International Engagement

The interim government undertook several initiatives to address economic challenges:

Monetary Policy Adjustments: The Bangladesh Bank raised the policy rate to 10% to combat inflation, which remained above 11% through late 2024. Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD)
Banking Sector Reforms: Boards of 11 private banks were reconstituted to address mismanagement, though liquidity crises persisted, necessitating Tk22,500 crore in support to six banks. Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD)
Taxation and Revenue Measures: The government canceled provisions allowing the legitimization of undeclared assets and introduced mandatory online income tax return submissions for certain professions. Wikipedia
International Aid and Investment: Bangladesh secured $850 million from the World Bank for infrastructure and social protection projects and received commitments from the European Investment Bank to double funding to €2 billion. Reuters

Challenges and Outlook

Despite reforms, significant challenges remained:

Inflation Persistence: Food and general inflation rates remained high, impacting the cost of living and economic stability. Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD)
Debt Servicing: Annual foreign debt repayments were projected to reach $4.5 billion in 2025-2026, posing risks to fiscal sustainability.
Political Uncertainty: The absence of a clear timeline for general elections and the formation of new political parties added to the uncertainty affecting investor confidence. Wikipedia

Conclusion

The period following August 5, 2024, was one of significant transition for Bangladesh. The interim government's efforts to stabilize the economy through reforms and international engagement laid the groundwork for recovery. However, persistent challenges such as high inflation, debt servicing pressures, and political uncertainty underscore the need for continued vigilance and strategic policymaking to ensure sustainable economic growth.

Who Was Really Guilty for Kashmir Attacks?

Introduction: The Roots of the Kashmir Conflict

The region of Jammu and Kashmir, nestled in the lap of the Himalayas, has been the subject of fierce dispute since the partition of British India in 1947. Historically, Kashmir was a princely state, ruled by Maharaja Hari Singh, a Hindu, despite the majority of his subjects being Muslim. When India was partitioned into India and Pakistan, princely states were given the choice to join either country or remain independent. Hari Singh initially attempted to stay independent. However, the ambitions of both newly formed nations clashed over Kashmir, leading to decades of unrest, wars, and terror attacks.

Understanding who was truly guilty for the numerous Kashmir attacks over the decades requires a deep dive into the historical, political, and military developments that have shaped the region.

The 1947–1948 Tribal Invasion: The First Kashmir Attack

The first major conflict over Kashmir erupted in late 1947. Tribesmen from Pakistan’s North-West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), supported unofficially by the Pakistani military, invaded Kashmir with the aim of forcibly annexing it to Pakistan. These tribal militias, often called "raiders," attacked towns, looted villages, and committed atrocities against civilians.

Faced with the invasion, Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession to India in October 1947, seeking Indian military assistance. India accepted Kashmir’s accession, sending troops to repel the invaders.

Who was guilty?
Historical documents, including British diplomatic correspondences and Indian records, point to the fact that Pakistan orchestrated the attack, though it initially denied direct involvement. Later, even some Pakistani officials, such as then Foreign Secretary Sir Zafrullah Khan, hinted at their country's role in supporting the tribesmen.

Verdict: Pakistan-backed tribal forces bore the primary guilt for the first Kashmir war.

The 1965 War: Pakistan’s Operation Gibraltar

After the inconclusive end to the first war, tensions simmered for years. In 1965, Pakistan launched Operation Gibraltar, a covert mission designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to foment an uprising against Indian rule.

The plan backfired. The local Kashmiri population did not revolt as Pakistan had expected. Instead, the Indian Army retaliated, leading to the Second India-Pakistan War.

Who was guilty?
Declassified documents and historians confirm Pakistan initiated the hostilities through Operation Gibraltar. Pakistan’s aim was to internationalize the Kashmir issue by provoking conflict.

Verdict: Pakistan was again the aggressor in this phase of the Kashmir conflict.

1971 War and Aftermath: Kashmir Takes a Backseat

In 1971, the focus shifted away from Kashmir when India and Pakistan fought over East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). Kashmir remained tense but relatively quiet in terms of attacks during the early 1970s and 1980s.

However, the seeds of future violence were being sown during this period, particularly through rising dissatisfaction among Kashmiri Muslims, rigged elections (especially the 1987 election), and political instability.

Rise of Militancy (1989 Onward): Insurgency and Terrorism

In 1989, Kashmir changed dramatically. A full-blown insurgency erupted, fueled by local discontent but heavily supported by Pakistan.

Pakistan’s Role:
Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) agency provided training, arms, and funds to militant groups like Hizbul Mujahideen, Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM).
Local Discontent:
While Pakistan supported militancy, it's important to note that genuine grievances among Kashmiris regarding human rights abuses, lack of political representation, and economic marginalization also contributed to the insurgency.

Who was guilty?
Both internal and external forces played roles, but Pakistan’s active sponsorship of armed groups was a major factor in escalating violence.

Verdict: Pakistan-supported militants were primarily responsible for turning Kashmir into a theater of terror from the late 1980s onward.

Major Terror Attacks: A Closer Look

1. Kargil Conflict (1999)

In 1999, Pakistani soldiers and Kashmiri militants crossed the Line of Control (LoC) and occupied strategic heights in Kargil.

India’s Response: Massive military operation to reclaim lost territory.
International Response: Global condemnation of Pakistan’s aggression.

Guilty party: Pakistani Army’s Northern Light Infantry (NLI) troops disguised as militants.

Verdict: Pakistan’s military leadership, especially General Pervez Musharraf, was responsible.

2. Indian Parliament Attack (2001)

On December 13, 2001, five armed terrorists attacked the Indian Parliament in New Delhi, killing security personnel and triggering fears of war between India and Pakistan.

Groups Involved: Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) and Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT).
Indian Accusation: These groups were based in Pakistan and received state support.

Who was guilty?
Investigations found evidence linking the attack to Pakistan-based organizations. India mobilized troops along the border in response, leading to a tense standoff.

Verdict: Pakistan-based terror groups, with likely ISI links.

3. Mumbai Attacks (2008)

Though broader than Kashmir, the 26/11 Mumbai attacks were planned by Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), a group that also operates in Kashmir.

Attack: 10 militants attacked multiple sites across Mumbai, killing 166 people.
Investigations: Direct links to LeT’s leadership in Pakistan.

Guilty party: Lashkar-e-Taiba, supported by elements within Pakistan.

4. Uri Attack (2016)

On September 18, 2016, four heavily armed militants attacked an Indian Army brigade headquarters in Uri, Jammu and Kashmir, killing 19 soldiers.

Indian Response: "Surgical strikes" across the LoC targeting terror launchpads.
Responsibility: India blamed Pakistan-based Jaish-e-Mohammed for orchestrating the attack.

Verdict: Pakistan-supported militants were again guilty.

5. Pulwama Attack (2019)

One of the deadliest terror attacks in Kashmir’s history occurred on February 14, 2019, when a suicide bomber attacked a convoy of Indian paramilitary forces, killing 40 soldiers.

Group Involved: Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM).
Investigation: The bomber was a local Kashmiri youth, but the attack was planned and financed by JeM leaders operating from Pakistan.

Verdict: JeM, with Pakistan's sheltering of terrorist infrastructure, bore the guilt.

International Viewpoints

United Nations: The UN has consistently urged both India and Pakistan to engage in dialogue. However, it recognizes Pakistan’s support for non-state actors as a major destabilizing factor.
United States: Multiple U.S. State Department reports have listed Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Taiba as terrorist organizations and criticized Pakistan for harboring them.
China: China has often shielded Pakistan diplomatically but even it has occasionally warned against cross-border terrorism.
Global Think Tanks: Most independent international think tanks conclude that Pakistan’s "deep state" (military and ISI) uses terrorism as a tool of asymmetric warfare against India, particularly in Kashmir.

The Other Side: Criticisms of India

While Pakistan’s guilt in supporting terrorism is clear, critics also point out issues with India’s approach:

Human Rights Violations: Allegations of extrajudicial killings, disappearances, and civilian oppression by Indian security forces in Kashmir have fueled resentment.
Political Mismanagement: Delayed elections, abrogation of Article 370 in 2019, and prolonged military presence have been criticized by many Kashmiris and international observers.

Thus, while Pakistan has been guilty of aggression and terrorism, India's governance failures have sometimes exacerbated the situation.

Conclusion: Who is Really Guilty?

Throughout the decades-long conflict over Kashmir, Pakistan’s government and military have played the most persistent and aggressive role in instigating violence through:

Direct invasions (1947, 1965, 1999)
Sponsoring militant organizations
Providing safe havens for terrorist leaders
Supporting cross-border terrorism under the guise of "freedom struggle"

At the same time, internal issues within Kashmir — including political missteps and alleged human rights abuses by Indian forces — have created fertile ground for unrest.

Final Verdict:
The primary guilt for Kashmir attacks — particularly the organized, large-scale violent ones — lies with Pakistan’s state policy of using militancy as an instrument of foreign policy. However, a complete and lasting peace in Kashmir also requires addressing local grievances, ensuring human rights, and creating a politically inclusive environment in the region.

Friday, April 18, 2025

US judge halts Trump plan for rapid deportations to third countries

April 18 (Reuters) - A U.S. judge barred the Trump administration from rapidly deporting hundreds if not thousands of migrants to countries other than their own without giving them a chance to show they fear being persecuted, tortured or killed there.

U.S. District Judge Brian Murphy's preliminary injunction on Friday was the latest setback to an immigration crackdown launched by President Donald Trump when he took office on January 20.

The Boston-based judge last month temporarily blocked the administration from fast-tracking deportations, hobbling its ability to remove migrants who in some cases have legal protections preventing them from being sent back to their countries of origin.

The preliminary injunction issued on Friday will keep that order in place until the litigation is resolved. The administration in court filings has already said it plans to appeal Murphy's decision.

When ruling on challenges to government policies, federal judges often issue orders that apply nationwide. Stymied by such decisions, the Trump administration has previously asked the U.S. Supreme Court to narrow nationwide injunctions to cover only those bringing a case.

The decision requires the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to give individuals a "meaningful opportunity" to seek legal relief from deportation before they are sent to third countries.

"The Court has found it likely that these deportations have or will be wrongfully executed and that there has at least been no opportunity for Plaintiffs to demonstrate the substantial harms they might face," wrote Murphy, an appointee of the Republican Trump's Democratic predecessor Joe Biden.

The Department of Homeland Security did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

Many of the people deported to third countries are refugees who have been granted protections against returning to their home countries, where they would face persecution or torture, according to Anwen Hughes of Human Rights First, a lawyer for the plaintiffs.

“The protections the court has ordered here are critical to make sure DHS does not turn around and ship them to a third country where they would face the same harms," Hughes said.

In the 2023 fiscal year, 1,769 people subject to final orders of removal were granted limited forms of protection against return to countries where their lives or freedom would be threatened or where they faced a risk of torture.

In February, the Department of Homeland Security instructed immigration officers to review cases of people granted such protections against being removed to their home countries to see if they could be re-detained and sent to a third country.

Immigrant rights groups sued on behalf of a group of migrants seeking to prevent their rapid deportation to newly identified locales.

Judge Murphy voiced concern that without a court order, the administration might carry out deportations in violation of the Convention Against Torture.